Oils were considered one of the three staples of life with the other two being bread and clothing.
Oils of the Quran
Oils mentioned in the Quran and other sacred Islamic scripts include Camphor, Calamus, Cedarwood, Frankincense, Jasmine, Marjoram, Myrrh, Neroli, Rose, Sweet Basil, and Thyme.
Oils of the Talmud
The Talmud mentions oils such as Cedarwood, Cypress, Flaxseed, Frankincense, Olive, and Sesame, which were to be used sparingly as they were costly. Some oils were considered "perfumed," but even they weren't to be used arrogantly.
Oils of the Bible
The Bible mentioned oils were used to anoint kings, high priests, and Tabernacle pots and jars. They were also used as fuel for lamps and are mentioned in several Bible stories, including the story of Jesus having his feet anointed with oil by Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha. Oils were also used in cooking, makeup, remedies, and sacrifices.
The 12 oils mentioned are Calamus (which might be Lemongrass), Cassia, Cedarwood, Cinnamon, Cypress, Frankincense, Galbanum, Hyssop, Myrrh, Rose of Sharon (which might be Tulip or Hibiscus, a source of Saffron), Sandalwood, and Spikenard.
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